Leno or cross-weaving loom



F. 1. NORRIS.

LENO OR CROSS V VEAVING 1.00M. APPLICATION FILED-NOV. a, 1'92x. 1 41aPatented May 16,1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

F. J. NORRIS. LENO 0R CROSS WEAVING LOOM.

. APPLICATION man Nova). 1921.

"Emma Patented May 16, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FREDERICK V'J. roams, errant nirvana, rnssaonnsnrrs, .ass enon TO nanrnneo aimam-Ion, or rrornimtn, mn'ssAcnnsn'rtrs', VA cogar'onn rion orMarnie.

JLENO 7 0R C-ROSS-WEAVING Specification of Letters Patent, Patgntedyltia y Application'fil ed November 3, 1921. $erial -No. 512,605.

To all whom atoning-concern:

Be it known that I FREDERICK J. Norms, a citizen of the United States'residing at Fall River, in the county of Bristol and State ofMassachusettsyhave invented an Improvement in Leno or Cross-WeavingLooms, of which the following description, in connection with theaccompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on thedrawings representinglike parts.

The inventionto be hereinafter described relates toloorns and moreparticularly to leno or crosseaving looms wherein certain of the arpthreads are .crossed back and forth relative to other Warp threads toproduce the cross-Woven effect. I

In looms of this general character as heretofore constructed, thecomplicated nature of the mechanism employed and its man ner ofoperation introduced much uncertainty in the'loom action andnecessitated the frequent stoppage of the loom to. correct faultsincident to the character. of the mechanism employed. One of the objectsofthe present invention is to simplify,the cross- Weaving mechanism, andprovide a loom of thetype indicated Which Will-be more efficient andreliable in operation and wherein the loom may be run continuouslyWithout the frequent stoppage heretofore necessitated. i

The Warp threads Which are involved in the production of thezleno orcross-Weave are generally knoivn as the doup threads and the fground orfdead threa1d s';and these terms Will b8 used herein for convenience ofidentification.

In accordance Withthe rpresent invention, a simpleunit comprising thecross-Weave consists of .tWo 'doupthreads and aground thread andadescriptionof the invention in this connection willxserveto make moreclear the construction and operation thereof but it is to be understoodthat each doup thread and each ground thread may comprise more than a.single thread in conformity .Withthe character of the cross-Weave effectdesired. In some cases, also, the ;-cross- Weave effect in the finishedl fabric extend throughoutv its entire wridth, while in other cases, itmay be utilized in forming crossrweaveeffects in strips, more or lesspronounced, and, of any desired extent.

In carrying; the invention into practical effect, eachof, the doupthreads is controlled by .a separate ,idoup heddle and both doup threadspass through a V floating eye between the doupheddles and the lay. Theground thread is eontrolledby twogronnd heddles, oneofnwhich and one ofthe doup heddles operate as a pair, and the other of which and theotherndou p heddle ep'erate as .another pair in the formation of;the,shed with the I ground thread. always the ;same shed plane. The doupand ground threads lead from a source oftsupply over a (guide toitheheddles and inthe formation ofthe shed one of thedoup heddles tensionsits doup threadin advance of theother doup heddle -to carry the floatingeye and both the doup threads first to one Isideand then to the other ofthe ground thread in successive shed forinatiqns.

In the dravvingsze Figure 1 is a perspectiveview of sufficient portionsof .a loom :Wltlhtllfi presentinvention associated therewi Ito-make,clear the construction and mode of operation oflthe invention 7 aFigure 2 is a partial diagrammatic View showing ,one 1 means foreffecting-tension. on oneofthe doupthreads in ad zance of the otherHas-the shed is formed; v

,Figure ;3 is a; plan view. a pieceof fabric oven With the leno ,orgrosseave effect ;Figure; l isan enlarged perspective detail showing-thevrelation ofthe doupand gro n d threads Whenthey are in substantially aiposition for thecommencement ofthe shed formation ;}and

Figure .5 .is a View similar tothatof F 4, With theshed formed andshowing both doup threads at. oneside-of the ground.

thread.

, ,In ,theillustrated form of ,the invention as indicated in Fig. Lthe-loom is equipped for eaving a fabrichaying-portionsonly thereofformed of cross-weava whil'e thejntermediate portions mayabe oyen eitherin plain or any desiredfigure effect.

-Hav ing reference snore particularly to 1 'theloom frame 1 may :heofusual construction and provided with bearings 2 for: thesupport of awarp beam-fion iv thich, the

main or body Warp threads at maybe tw n nd. v

there a'portion ofthe fabric is to be formed of plain or figured effect,from the ,body Warp threads ,d, the latterpassfrOm-the beam :3, over theusual hip-roll 4 over and inde tthe reta iat rod 35 et -.,t b

forming heddles 6, of which there are four in the illustrated form ofthe invention, but which may be varied to suit the character of figureeffect desired in the body of the fabric. The heddles 6 may be operatedto form the shed of the body fabric by any of the usual mechanisms nowgenerally employed for this purpose, such for instance, as the usualdobby or cam mechanism; and as such construction and manner of operationof the body-forming heddles are old and well known, it will not benecessary to enter into a detailed description thereof. From the heddles6 the body warp threads (Z pass through the reed 7 carried by the lay 8,as usual.

A unit of the leno or prises three threads, one ground thread a and twodoup threads I), 0, which may be supplied from a source of supply such,for instance, as the overhead beam 9, Fig. 1. The beam 9 which carriesthe supply of the doup and ground threads in the present instance, issupported by bearings 10 extending from uprights 11 rising from the loomframe, The beam 9 has one or both its heads grooved as at 12, for thereception of a brake-band 13 which may be tensioned by means of a spring1% interposed in the length of the band. The brake-band 18 constitutesone type of a friction let-off for the beam 9, and in the presentinstance is connected to a cross-frame 15 extending transversely of theloom. The frame 15 in the present instance consists of one of the loomarches which offers a convenient means for supplying a friction brake tothe overhead beam 9.

From the beam 9 the doup and ground threads pass over a guide 16extending trans versely of the loom and supported by the brackets orarms 17 at each end. The guide 16 is fixed or immovable and constitutesa directing means from the overhead beam 9 for the doup and groundthreads.

Each of the doup threads 6 and c is controlled by a separate heddle witheyes through which the doup threads pass, and

the ground thread a is controlled by the two ground heddles, oneoperating with one of the doup heddles andthe other operating with theother doup heddle. d

The heddle frames 18 and 19, which in the present instance of theinvention control both the doup threads and ground thread, carry theheddles '20 and 21 respectively, each of which is provided with an eye22 through which is passed one of the doup threads.

Mounted adjacent eachof the doup, heddles 20 and 21 is aground heddle23. each having] an elongated loop 2 1through both of which passes theground thread a, the construction.

being such that upon the formation of a shed, one of the doup threads israised and.

the other lowered, and the ground thread, in

the present instance, accompanies the up going doup thread. Of course ifthe ground thread were passed through the lower loop of the groundheddles, the ground thread would accompany the downgoing doup thread.The two doup threads Z) and 0 pass through a floating eye 26 between thereed 7 and the heddles, the result being that in the formation of theshed both the doup threads are carried to the same shed plane while theground thread is carried to the opposite shed plane.

The heddles l8 and 19 are normally under the influence of springs 31,and are connected to the shed-forming mechanism by usual flexibleconnections or straps 27 which pass over the usual guide rolls 28carried by the loom arch, and thence to the shedding mechanism. Tn theinvention as shown, the shedding mechanism is in the form of a (lobbycomprising the arms 29 and 30 to which the connections 27' are secured.Since the dobby or other form of shedding mecha nism is of the usual andwell-known con struction, only so much of the shedding mechanism isshown as is necessary to indicate the shed-forming operation. r

The present invention contemplates that the crossing of the threadsshall be effected through the operation of the heddlesand withoutinterposition or inclusion of special mechanism. To this end one of thedoup heddles and its associated ground heddle may be started in advanceof the other doup heddle and its associated ground heddlein order thattension may first be placed upon one doup thread to cause both to passto the same side of the ground thread; or the shed may be started from aposition above or below the horizontal plane passing through the guide16 to the fell of the cloth. In the present instance the change of shedis shown as being started from a plane below the horizontal planebetween the guide 16 and the fell of the cloth, as in Fig. 2, so thatupon the formation of the shed, the downgoing doup thread is firsttensioned while the other doup thread is slack or slackened by theupgoing heddle, the effect being that the downgoing doup thread pullsthe floating eye 26 and with it the other doup thread, to its side ofthe ground thread as indicated in Fig. 5. Similarly, in theformation ofthe next shed, the downgoing doup thread will. be tensioned while theother doup'thread is slack or slackened, with the result that thefloating eye 26 and the other doup thread will. be pulledto the oppositeside of the ground thread; and since all three threads (1 7), and 0 passthrough the same dent of the reed, the successive sheds will be formedwith the ground '3 thread raised, in the present instance, and the doupthreads lowered first to one and then to the oppositeside ofth'e groundthread, the-re by crossing the doup threads relative to the groundthread and producing with the binding weft or filling thread 6, Fig. 3,the leno or cross-weave effect.

The threads a, Z), c, constituting the leno or cross-weaving threads,may be passed from the fixed guide bar 16 iii-outwardly over and underthe usual lease rods 5, and then to their respective heddles as aboveindicated.

In the construction shown, the doup threads Z) and c are passedalternately over the ground thread a in forming the shed, and the groundthread (4 always is found in the sameshed plane which is the upper planein the present instance of the invention. The same effect, however,would be produced it the doup threads Z) and 0 were alternately passedunder the ground thread a to one side or the other thereof, in whichcase the ground thread a would always be in the lower shed and the doupthreads I) and c always in the upper shed. Thus, from the constructiondescribed it will be noted that without the employment of easing bars orspecial tensioning devices for alternately giving up and taking backslack on the doup or ground threads, the present invention provides asimple, effective and reliable means for the production of leno or crossweave effect by the simple operation of one of the doup heddles and oneof the ground heddles as a pair, and the other doup heddle and the otherground heddle as another pair, and the tensioning of one of the doupthreads in advance of the other in the formation of a shed.

lVhat is claimed is 1. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of twodoup heddles each having an eye for a doup thread, two ground heddleseach controlling a single ground thread, a floating eye through whichboth doup threads pass, and means for operating one of the doup heddlesand one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doup heddle andother ground heddle as another pair to form the shed with the groundthread successively placed in the same shed plane and for crossing thefloating eye and both doup threads first to one and then the other sideof the ground thread.

2. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two heddle frames, eachhaving a doup heddle provided with an eye for a doup thread, a groundheddle carried by each of the heddle frames and provided with anelongated loop through both of which passes the same ground thread, afloating eye through which both of the doup threads pass, and means foroperating the heddle frames to form the shed with the ground threadalways in the same shed plane and to cause the floating eye and bothdoup threads to cross the ground thread.

3. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two doup heddleseachhaving an eye for a doup thread, a floating doup eye through which thetwo doup threads pass, aground heddle operating with each of the doupheddles and each having a loop for a single ground thread, and means foroperating a doup'heddle and ground heddle in pairs to form the shed andtension one of the doup threads in advance of the other to cause thefloating doup eye and both doup threads to cross the ground thread.

4'. In a cross weaving loom, the combination of two doupheddles eachhaving an eye for a doup thread, a floating doup eye through which bothdoup threads pass, two ground heddles each having an elongated loopthrough both of which a ground thread passes, and means for operating adoup heddie and one of the ground heddles in pairs to form the shed withthe ground thread always in the same shed plane and to cause thefloating doup eye and both doup threads to cross the ground thread.

5. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination oftwo doup heddles eachhaving an eye for a doup thread, two ground heddles each controlling asingle ground thread, a floating eye through which both doup threadspass, fixed guiding means for guiding the doup and ground threads to theheddles from a source of supply, and means for operating one of the doupheddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doupheddle and other ground heddle as another pair to form the shed with theground thread successively placed in the same shed plane and forcrossing the floating eye and both doup threads first to one and thenthe other side of the ground thread.

6. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two doup heddles eachhaving an eye for controlling a doup thread, a floating eye throughwhich both the doup threads pass, two ground heddles each having a loopfor controlling a single ground thread, a guide for guiding the two doupand single ground threads from a source of supply to the heddles, meansfor operating. one of the doup heddles and one of the ground heddles asa pair and the other doup heddle and ground heddle as another pair toform the shed from a position at one side of the horizontal planebetween the guide and fell of the cloth that one of the doup threads maybe tensioned in advance of the other and cause the floating eye and bothdoup threads to cross the ground thread.

7. In a loorn of the character described, the combination of two heddleseach having an eye for controlling a doup thread, two ground heddles,one adjacent each of the doup heddles and both controlling a singleground thread, a floating eye through which both of the doup threadspass, means for guiding the doup threads and ground thread from a sourceof supply to the heddles, and means for operating one of the doupheddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doupheddle and other ground heddle as another pair in the formation of theshed with the ground. thread always in the same shed plane and fortensioning one doup thread in advance of the other to cross the floatingeye and both doupthreads relative to the ground thread. i

8. In a loom of the character described, the combination of two heddleframes each having a doup heddle provided with an eye for controlling adoup thread two ground heddles, one carried by each of the heddle framesadjacent the doup heddle of that frame and both controlling a singleground thread, a floating eye through which both doup threads pass, afixed guide for guiding the doup threads and ground thread from a sourceof supply to the heddles, and means for operating the heddle frames toform the shed and cause one of the doup threads to pull the floating eyeand the other doup threads across the ground thread.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

FREDERICK J. NORRIS.

